Internal-combustion engine



K. 0. KELLER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN- 6. I921.

Patented Oct. 11, 1921.

34 I as 16 29 K. o; KELLER. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

R 1! 1; f J J 1 a; i I

KARL OTTO KELLER, OF SUNDERLAND,

ROBERT PILE DOXFORD, 01 SUN ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO DERLAND,DURHAM, ENGLAND.

INTERN AIL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of L t er P t n Patented Oct. 11, 1921.

Application filed January 6, 1921. Serial No. 435,353.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, KARL Orro KELLER, a citizen of the SwissConfederation, residing at Sunderland, in the county of Durham, England,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-CombustionEngines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention is for improvements in or relating to internal-combustionengines, and has for its ob'ect to provide an improved construction 0the same which shall facilitate-and simplify the manufacture of theengines and also render them more convenient in use. It is particularlyapplicable to large marine oil-engines of the type having verticalcylinders in which there are two oppositely moving pistons, such forexample, as described in our patent application Serial N 0. 394,681,dated 8th July, 1920, but it may also advantageously be used with othertypes of engine.

In large internal-combustion engines, the working-cylinder proper iseither made integrally with its surrounding water-jacket, or else asteel j acket' is used with a cast-iron liner, the jacket being designedto take all the pressures due to compression and combustion. In eithercase it has been customary to arrange that the cylinder and linersupport the weight of any other parts of the engine above them, and alsotake all the working stresses and vibrations which are set up when theengine is running. It will be realized, therefore, that the cylindercasting or the water-jacket casting, as the case might be, became a verycomplicated structure.

Furthermore, in the construction in which the jacket and the liner areseparate castings, it is usual for them both to be secured at one end tothe main frame ofthe engine, in order to provide adequately for theirsupport. Under working conditions the liner attains a higher temperaturethan the jacket. so that the attachment of the valves or any other partwhich has to communicate with the interior of a cylinder must be made insuch a way that 1t can accommodate the difierence of expansion betweenthe liner and the jacket.

The object of the present invention is to provide a construction suchthat any vibrations or lateral stresses set u on the part of the engineremote from tlie main frame are diverted from the cylinder and itswaterjacket casing, and also to provide for easy access to that part ofthe cylinder which contains the valves, that is, the fuel-injectionvalve, air-starting and relief-valve, and also to the water glands whichare used on the jacket.

According to this invention there is provided in an internal-combustionengine, the combination with a cylinder located upon supports soarranged as'to permit it to expand lengthwise, and a water-jacket casingsurrounding it, but free from it at places where the cylinder and casingare permitted relative lengthwise movement due to differences ofexpansion between them, of an en'- tablature that is separate from thesaid cylinder and the said casing, that carries the weight of thestanding upper portion of the engine structure, and that diverts throughitself away from the lower parts of the cyllnder and casing to thestanding lower portion of the engine structure, the lateral stressesthat otherwise would travel down to the said-standing lower portion byway of the said lower parts of the cylinder and casing.

Preferably the said parts are so constructed that the water-jacketcasing is in two portions, upper and lower, that there can be relativemovement between these two portions, that a packing device constitutinga sliding joint between the bottom and the said upper portion and thetop of the said lower portion is provided, and that the entablature isof skeleton form to permit access to the said packing device and to anyother parts or devices used on the cylinder or jacket.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the application of thepresent invention to a marine oil-engine having a vertical cylinder withits opposed pistons working in-it,

Figure 1 is a central section through a cylinder showing such parts asare necessary to the understanding of this invention, and

Fig. 2 is an elevatlon of the same.

Referring to these drawings, the main supporting columns of the engineare indicated at 10, 11, only the upper ends of the columns being shown.Upon these columns 12 and columns 14 which terminate at their upper endin a platform 15. Upon the platform 15 there rests, and is secured, thewater-jacketed exhaust belt of the engine indicated generally by thereference 16. This exhaust belt 16 supports in turn the crosshead guidesand other parts for the upper piston of the engine, which are indicatedgenerally by the reference 17.

The working-cylinder is constituted by a liner l8 surrounded andsupported by a water-jacket casing 19. This casing 19 is seated at itslower end 20 upon the bridgepiece 12 aforesaid, and any convenient formof watertight joint is used at this seating.

- The water-j acket casing 19 is made of such a size at 21 that it fitsclosely to the liner 18, at the middle of the length of the liner, andthe two parts are there secured together so that the weight of the liner18 is supported by the casing 19. The fuel-injection valve indicateddiagrammatically at 22 and any other valves which are required tocommunicate with the interior of the cylinder are also located at'thispoint, since there can be no relative movement between the liner and thejacket due to differences in expansion between them. No other rigidconnection between the liner.and the cylinder-jacket is made anywhere sothat the ends of the liner are free to expand relatively to the ends ofthe jacket. i

The parts of the cylinder-jacket, other than part 19, already mentioned,may be constructed in any desired manner. In the constructionillustrated, the lower end of the jacket is constituted by an internalwall 23 of the bridge-piece 12, and suitable pipeconnectlons 2 1 aremade thereto for the admission of water to the jacket. The lower end ofthe jacketis rendered watertight by any desired form of packing-glandindicated at 25.

The up r part of the water-jacket is constitute by a cylindrical ortion26 which is seated on the upper en of the part 19 and engages by aslidin 'connectlon the lower end of an upper cy indrical part 27suitable packingbelng provided at 28 for these two parts. The part 27aforesaid, is sha ed at its upper end 29 to provide a pac lnglandbetween the lower end of the exhaust elt 16 and the cylinder-liner 1 8.

. A further gland 30 is rovided at the end of the exhaust watertightjoint between it and the cylinder liner 18, and the uppermost endof theliner 18 is also provided with a gland 31 where it enters the part '17aforesaid.

The water outlet on the jacket is constituted by a suitablepipe-connection or connections 32 which communicate with the .upper endof the jacket space of the exhaust belt 16.

The circulating water enters the jacket u per elt. 20 to provide a bythe inlet 2& and passes upward inside the parts 23, 19, as far as thepart 21 of the casing. From this point it passes upward through a seriesof longitudinal grooves which may be formed either'in the liner or inthe easing into the interior of the part 26. By using grooves 33 for thepassage of the water, the desired close fit of the casing 21 to theliner 18 is not impaired. The water passes upward to the exhaust beltand passes the exhaust ports 35 by means of longitudinal passages 34formed in the bars 38 of the liner between the ports 35. Thisconstruction insures adequate cooling of the exhaust bars 38 which arethe parts always liable to trouble through overheating. The water passesfrom the passages 34 into the jacket of the exhaust belt 16 and thenceto the outlet pipe 32.

The invention is illustrated as applied to an engine in which there aretwo oppositelymoving istons 36, 37 in one cylinder, but if it is app iedto an engine of the type having only one piston in each cylinder, theexhaustbelt 16 would be replaced by the cylinderhead, and the weight ofthe cylinder-head and associatedparts would be supported by theentablature 13, 14, 15 in the same way. The water-jacket could be of anydesired construction, and it will be appreciated that in this type ofengine the use of the entablature aforesaid provides the same advantageof relieving the cylinder and jacket of the vibrationsv and lateralstresses which, arising at the upper end, would travel down through themto the lower main structure of the engine.

An important advantage arising from the use of an entablature asabove-described, is that the casting for the liner can be made of plaincylindrical or tubular form provided only Wlth flanges and bosses wherenecessary, and the various parts of the waterjacket also can be made ofsimple construction; Furthermore, by using an entablature of skeletonform, that is to say, an entablature consisting of top and bottom platesconnected by columns, the accessibility of the cfylinder jacket landsand the valves is satis actoril provided for.

What I c aim as m invention and desire to secure by Letters atent isr 1. For an internal-combustion engine the combination with a cylinderlocated upon supports so arranged as to permit it to expand lengthwise,and a water-'acket casing surrounding it but free from 1t at placeswhere the cylinder and casing are permitted lengthwise movement inrelation to one another due to differences of expansion between thecasing and the cylinder, of an entablature that is separate from thesaid cyhnder and the said casing, carries the weight of and the stressesset up in and by the standing upper portion of the engine structure, anddiverts through itself away from the lower parts of the cylinder andcasing to the standing lower portion of the engine structure the lateralstresses, that otherwise would travel down to said standing lowerportion b way of said lower parts of the cylinder an casing.

2.. For an internal-combustion engine comprising two pistons working inopposite directions in one and the same cylinder here, the combinationaccording to eieini Nov 1 so constructed that the water-jacket casingoomprises two portions, upper and lower that there can be relativemovement between these two portions, that a packing device constitutinga sliding joint between thebottom of the said upper portion and the topof said lower portion is provided and that the entablature is, for thepurpose described, of skeleton form.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

KARL OTTO KELLER.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM Ermine-s, WILLIAM Henczmoz: Bottom

